Glossary of Audio Terms
Amplitude Modulation. Also known as Medium.
Number of sessions that were active within a given time period.
Radio JNLR analysis system involving audience analyser and agency planner platforms.
Amazon Music Unlimited is a premium music subscription service
Apple Music is a music and video streaming service developed by Apple Inc. Users select music to stream to their device on-demand, or they can listen to existing, curated playlists
The population or target group: a) reading a publication or a group of publications b) listening to a radio programme/station or a selection of radio programmes/stations. C) viewing a television programme/channel or a selection of television programmes/channels. D) seeing a poster or poster campaign. E) exposed to an advertisement or advertisement/ commercial or advertising campaign.
Average Quarter Hour
Average Quarter Hour (AQH): Average number of listeners tuned in during any 15-minute period.
Average Hours Per Listener
The total hours of listening to a station averaged across all those listening to the station.
The total hours of listening to a station during the course of the week averaged by head or by listener.
Branded Podcasts
Podcasts offer branded partnerships where the content can be sponsored. The presence of the brand in the programming
can vary from brand mentions to editorial integration to sponsor participation in the development of the content. Website and
marketing elements can be included.
Campaign Weight
The intensity or volume of advertising (e.g., Light, Medium, Heavy).
Click-Through / Click-Through Rate(CTR)
Metric that indicates how many times listeners followed the link associated with an ad.
Click-Through Attribution
KPI measuring the effectiveness of an audio ad based on the ratio of Audio Impressions and Click-throughs.
Conversion Attribution
KPI measuring the effectiveness of an audio a based on the ratio of Audio Impressions and actions.
Copy Instruction Form (Cl)
A document detailing key information about a radio campaign and how the commercial should be aired
Copy Length
The length of time a piece of audio attached to the Copy Instruction form will play for.
Cost Per Thousand
The cost of reaching 1000 listeners with a given campaign.
The proportion (expressed in percentage terms) of a target audience having an opportunity to see/hear advertising. This is sometimes broken down further: eg 1+cover is the number of people who have seen at least one spot in the advertising campaign, 3+cover is the number of people who have seen at least three spots in the advertising campaign etc.
CPT Impacts
Cost per Thousand. The cost of achieving 1000 impacts.
Cumulative Audience
The proportion of a target group who have an opportunity to see or hear one advertisement from a campaign at a specified time. Or the
total number of different people who tune into a station for at least 5 minutes over a set period.
DAB
Digital Audio Broadcasting, or Digital Radio. A system of broadcasting which produces near perfect sound quality and has the capacity for data transmission.
Daypart
Segment of the day used for planning(e.g., Breakfast, Mid-Morning, Drive).
Device ID
A device generated ID, set and/or made available by the device’s operating system. Users usually cannot control or change adevice-generated
Digital Radio, or Digital Audio Broadcasting. A system of broadcasting which produces near perfect sound quality and has the capacity for data transmission.
These are transmitters used by digital radio stations to broadcast digital.
These are stations which fall under banner of digital stations
Dynamic Ad Insertion (DAI): Serving targeted ads into podcasts or streaming content in real-time.
Effective Reach (Effective Cover)
The percentage of the target audience who have the opportunity to hear (OTH) the desired number of TV spots, eg. if it is desired that the target audience hear between 2 and 8 spots, then the effective reach of the schedule was the percentage with between 2 and 8 OTS
Fixed Spot
A guaranteed time slot (e.g., 08:10during a breakfast show).
Frequency Modulation.
The number of times the target audience has an opportunity to see/hear the campaign expressed over a period of time.
Google Play Music is a music and podcast streaming service and online music locker operated by Google.
Gross Rating Points (GRPs) is a metric that measures the impact of a given ad campaign. It is the sum of all ratings
delivered by a schedule (Reach × Frequency).
The impacts achieved by a campaign are the total number of times that campaign is heard. Calculated by a campaign's reach in thousands x 0TH.
One instance of an ad being heard by a listener
JNLR (Joint National Listenership Research): The official source of Irish radio audience data, published quarterly.
Live Read: Ad read live by a presenter, often in their own words. This is most often used on podcasts.
The percentage of hours that a station or channel accounts for within its transmission area.
A carrier of digital radio services.
Native Ads
These spots are often read by a podcast host and can include an endorsement. Native ads are more associated with podcasts. Length of these spots tends to be irregular. Native ads are more be permanently integrated into the program or dynamically inserted. Positioning can include preroll, mid-roll, and post-roll.
OTH
Opportunity To Hear (or Frequency). Usually quoted as an average campaign will be heard, Impacts divided by Reach.
Platform
In Radio platform denotes how a listener listens to the radio (so the platform used to listen to the radio).The current platforms recorded in the JNLR survey are a radio, a pc, a pc/laptop, a smart speaker and other.
Playout
Is the process of a creative agency delivering a radio commercial to radio stations.
Playout System
A playout system is the system used by broadcasters to broadcast (or 'play out') the ads on air, so they can be heard by listeners. This can be a physical piece of equipment such as CD player; or apiece of software or indeed a group of processes used by
Podcasts
Audio programs/tracks that can be downloaded online and listened to offline. They may also be streamed online.
Post-Listen Attribution
A KPI measuring the effectiveness of an audio ad based on the ratio of audio impressions and visits.
Pureplay Stream
Personalised and on-demand online/ streamed audio services that create playlists based on user preferences of artists, tracks, or genres.
Pre-Roll
Ads running before the start of an on demand programme such as a podcast.
Mid-Roll
Ads running in the middle of an on demand programme such as a podcast.
Post-Roll
Ads running at the end of an on demand programme such as apodcast
Profile
The way a radio programme's audience breaks down across variables like age, social class, region etc
Programmatic audio
Buying audio ads via automated platforms (like Spotify, Acast, etc.).
Rating - Spot
Single half-hour or quarter-hour audience expressed as a percentage of the population group being measured. Calculated by half or quarter-hour audience x 100, divided by relevant population.
Reach
Number or percentage of people who hear a station or campaign at least once in a given period.
The person providing the information to the interviewer/researcher.
In radio this refers to JNLR data which is analysed at the most granular level, by individual respondents' diaries.
Rotation
How evenly ads are spread across timeslots and shows.
Run of Station
ROS (Run of Station): Flexible scheduling across all dayparts; usually cheaper.
Share of Audience
Percentage of selected audience which is tuned to a particular medium at a given time, e.g. the proportion of the target group who arewatchinga particular TV channel between the hours of 7:30 p.m. and8:00 p.m.
Share of Listening
The percentage of total listening time accounted for by a station for a specifci period of time.
Split Transmitter
This term is used when an analogue radio station has multiple transmitters and chooses to play out different programming or ads on one or more of the transmitters.
Sponsorship
Brand alignment with a show, feature, or segment (e.g., weather, traffic).
SSP/DSP
SSP/DSP: Supply-Side/ Demand-Side Platforms used in programmatic advertising to allow agencies to buy radio inventory in an automated way.
Time Spent Listening
TSL (Time Spent Listening): Average amount of time a person spends listening to radio during a given period.
Traffic System
The system used by the stations in order to schedule the spots based on the spot plan
Transmitter
The location where the broadcastis made for a station, stations may have one or in many cases multiple transmitters to broadcast the output
TritonDigital/Adswizz
Digital ad delivery and reporting platforms used in streaming audio.
TSA
Total Survey Area. The area within which a station's audienceis measured. This is defined by the station using postcode districts as building blocks.
User / Unique User
A Unique User is an unduplicated user as determined through registration, user self-identification using an application or being exposed to an advertising campaign during a reporting period
VASTTag
A code that allows ad servers to deliver and track digital audio ads.
Voice Activation Ads
Some platforms offer integration with a technology that enables listeners to respond to an ad in hands-free mode by simply speaking.
Specific calls to action might be to have information emailed or texted to the user, enabling a connection between the advertiser and the consumer.
Voice Click-Through
Metric that indicates how many times listeners respond to interactive audio ads via voice in order to connect with advertiser offers (by automatically initiating call, a video view, request an email, webpage open, content selection) on a mobile device.
Where Listened
The location of the respondent when listening (I.e. work, car, home)
